-- 10 -- Viewpoints; Argument; Texts

TFY C8, Viewpoints TFY C9, Argument

CRCB C8, Texts

-- W 10 -- Points of View: Viewpoints;  Texts, 

TFY Chapter Eight Viewpoint

The chapter is about how to recognize viewpoints and understand how they filter reality for us.  Exercises and discussion in this chapter will show you how stories revolve around viewpoints, how conscious and unconscious viewpoints differ, how news framing conveys covert viewpoints, and how political viewpoints might be characterized.  Writing applications will allow you to sample the rhetoric, ideas and values of multiple viewpoints, both familiar and unfamiliar.  A concluding reading presents a viewpoint on our reluctance  to talk about religion and politics.

TFY C8 Glossary

An unconscious viewpoint	An unconscious viewpoint is a perspective unidentified by the viewer.
Egocentrism	Egocentrism is the assumption that one’s perspective is the only perspective.
Ethnocentrism	Ethnocentrism is the assumption that one’s own social or cultural group is superior to all others.
Exterior	To be exterior to one’s own viewpoint is to have a detached awareness of one’s viewpoint.
Infer	To use imagination and reasoning to fill in missing facts. To connect the dots.
News framing	News framing describes the way relative importance can be implied about a news item by layout design, page placement, photos, and the wording of headlines.
Opinion	Opinion is a word used to include an unsupported belief, a supported argument, an expert’s judgment, prevailing public sentiment, and a formal statement by a court.
Principal claim and reasons	These are the two parts of an argument. The principal claim is the thesis or conclusion. The reasons support this claim through evidence or other claims. A claim is an assertion about something.
Religiocentrism	Religiocentrism is the assumption that one’s own religion is superior to all others.
Thinking	Purposeful mental activity such as reasoning, deciding, judging, believing, supposing, expecting, intending, recalling, remembering, visualizing, imagining, devising, inventing, concentrating, conceiving, considering.
Viewpoint	A viewpoint is a personal or collective perspective consisting of memories, beliefs, and associations from which events are observed and evaluated.

TFY C9 Argument; 

`````````````````````````````````````````````````

The skills of analyzing and writing arguments require some knowledge of every chapter concept studied this far.   At this point you will be asked to integrate this learning while reviewing the structure of arguments and standards for judging arguments.  Exercises in this chapter entail guidelines for analyzing arguments, distinguishing arguments from reports, separating reasons from conclusions, recognizing missing and false information.  Writing applications challenge you to put all this knowledge together in a short persuasive argument.  You will also begin your preparations for writing a final research paper.  Final reading selections present different arguments on the issue of job outsourcing.

Chapter 9
Argument	An argument offers reasons to support a conclusion with the intent to persuade.
Conclusion	A clear statement of what an argument intends to prove or has proven.
Consistency	Consistency refers to standards of logical coherence as well as constancy.
Contradiction	A contradiction refers to a part or parts inconsistent with, or illogical to, other parts.
Debate question	A debate question is a neutrally stated question designed to provide a focus for pro and con positions on an issue.
Discrepancy	A discrepancy, like an incongruity, is something that diverges from an expected standard.
False Information	False information refers to information that can be proven to be untrue.
Implied conclusion	A conclusion understood but not explicitly stated.
Infer	To use imagination and reasoning to fill in missing facts. To connect the dots.
Irreconcilable	Irreconcilable are conflicting ideas, beliefs, or information that cannot coexist, such as contradictions.
Issue	An issue is a matter of dispute.
Missing Information	Missing information refers to essential information purposefully or inadvertently omitted from an argument or report.
Opinion	Opinion is a word used to include an unsupported belief, a supported argument, an expert’s judgment, prevailing public sentiment, and a formal statement by a court.
Principal claim and reasons	These are the two parts of an argument. The principal claim is the thesis or conclusion. The reasons support this claim through evidence or other claims. A claim is an assertion about something.
Reason	A statement offered to explain, justify, or support the conclusion.
Report	A report offers objective accounts of events and objective information.
Thinking	Purposeful mental activity such as reasoning, deciding, judging, believing, supposing, expecting, intending, recalling, remembering, visualizing, imagining, devising, inventing, concentrating, conceiving, considering.
Topic	A topic is a subject that is written or spoken about.

Argument Topics

CRCB C8 Texts